How does microbiota influence fertility?

The microbiota: what it is

We consider the microbiota to be the set of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that live within our body, yes, but their function is to maintain homeostasis. We have a negative opinion of these agents, but the truth is that many are beneficial to us, in the right measure.

We must keep in mind that all human beings have bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The problem isn't having them, but rather their proportion and whether or not they affect any of our normal capacities. This can be applied to various aspects, but also applies to fertility.

When we talk about microbiota, we often think about digestive function. But the truth is that there is also a reproductive microbiota , of great importance. Here we will focus more on this aspect.

Reproductive microbiota: what it is and how it works

It's important to note that the reproductive microbiota refers to the existence of a specific ecosystem in the female and male reproductive systems. The proper functioning of this community of microorganisms greatly influences reproduction. Let's examine this separately for men and women:

Female reproductive microbiota

The female reproductive tract, specifically the vagina and endometrium, have a Specific microbiota . And its composition and combination of microorganisms decisively influence fertility. Specifically, lactobacillus bacteria (96%) play an important role because they stabilize the area. Thanks to advances in the study of genetics, we have learned, for example, that these circumstances vary greatly depending on the case.

Let's take an example: the endometrial microbiota has a significant influence on endometrial receptivity. What does this mean? Depending on the case, it's easier for the embryo to implant in the uterus and for the pregnancy to be successful. Furthermore, some women are more prone to greater receptivity due to genetic reasons , hence it is essential to know this circumstance. A reproductive immunology test can give more information about it.

On the other hand, if the vaginal microbiota is unbalanced ( dysbiosis ), it will be more difficult for sperm to travel to the egg and for fertilization to occur. For this reason, it's a good idea to check that the proportion of microorganisms in the intimate area is adequate. Sometimes, it's a matter of a simple treatment, while other times, the solution may be more complex.

We must point out that the microbiota of the reproductive tract Female fertility also changes with age. So, when determining whether a woman is more or less likely to conceive, this issue must be taken into account.

Male reproductive microbiota

The reproductive microbiota Male reproductive health focuses primarily on two areas: first, the male reproductive system; and, to a lesser extent, it also focuses on intestinal transit. However, there is less information available than for women, for now.

In the first case, the Sperm contains certain bacteria , contrary to what was originally believed. Depending on the composition and quantity of these bacteria, it can affect fertility, for example, the number of sperm or their mobility. excess lactobacillus iners bacteria increases the likelihood of male infertility. Sometimes, a fertility test would be helpful to check if this is the case.

Likewise, studies are being conducted that suggest that the gut microbiota could also influence male fertility. Certain infections due to imbalances in the gut may then spread to the male reproductive system.

Factors to consider in the reproductive microbiota

When studying the Reproductive microbiota , some specific circumstances must be considered in each case. The body and hormonal composition vary throughout life due to many factors, so these factors must be taken into account. Let's take note of each point:

1. Reproductive microbiota: age

Age is a relevant factor when studying a person's microbiota. As we age, the range of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites in our body can change, and sometimes this is normal. If we also consider that the average age at which female fertility ends through natural means is 49, it's worth remembering.

2. Gender

Today there are more studies on reproductive microbiota in women than in men, and more comprehensive. In the first case, the probability of identifying cause-effect relationships is high, while in the second, we are often still in the realm of conjecture. In any case, it is true that male fertility analysis can be performed throughout life.

3. Lifestyle

People who are physically active and eat a healthy diet tend to have a stronger immune system and fewer bacteria. In this sense, and provided there are no other diseases or genetic disorders, the chances of being able to conceive will increase. Lifestyle does influence some cases, for better or worse.

4. Environmental exposure

Exposure to external and environmental agents also plays a role. For example, if a person lives in a polluted environment, it can affect their microbiota. Epigenetic studies already suggest this possibility, so it shouldn't be surprising. In fact, it's proven that, in certain environments, the chances of contracting certain harmful viruses, fungi, or bacteria increase.

5. Family history

Finally, family history can also be important. If one of the two parents had fertility problems, their offspring may also have them. And, in this case, genetic testing can be useful to determine if there is mutations that bring problems.

In summary…

The reproductive microbiota provides information about the chances of conceiving and the fertility or infertility of women and men. Want to check whether you can conceive or not? Genotics You'll find several tests that will give you answers to help you with family planning. Consult and compare which option interests you the most!