Multiple sclerosis: risk factors

Risk factors for multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disease of the nervous system, which, in the long run, leads to mobility and vision problems, among many other symptoms. Risk factors can be due to genetic factors, but also to environmental factors or previous illnesses.

We always recommend, if there is even the slightest doubt or suspicion, undergoing some type of genetic testing to confirm or rule out a risk. And, of course, anything related to healthy habits can also reduce the risk. In any case, it doesn't hurt to know all the variables to act with an informed mindset.

Let's see what the main causes are and risk factors that are related to multiple sclerosis:

1. Genetic factors in multiple sclerosis

The genetic factors have an influence on multiple sclerosis. In fact, certain mutations predispose to this disease. We can highlight the case of the HLA-DRB1 gene, which has the highest incidence. Other cases include the NR1H3, CYP27B1, IL2RA, and TNFRSF1A genes. or the IL7R . A genetic panel test can determine if you have any alterations in this and other genes. Currently, it is estimated that up to 200 genetic mutations could be linked to the development of this condition.

In any case, it is true that the inheritance Genetics has a certain impact. People who have parents or siblings who have suffered from multiple sclerosis are more likely to develop it. For this reason, we recommend getting a genetic panel test if there is a history of multiple sclerosis, as a preventive measure.

2. Geographic location

The geographic location is also a factor, albeit indirect, that can influence the incidence of this disease. Specifically, it has been proven that people who live in latitudes far from the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, they are more likely to have it. The further away from the equator, the greater the likelihood of incidence.

In any case, it must be kept in mind that demographic movements are relativizing this issue, in one direction or another. Not surprisingly, migration is a process that takes a few generations, while the genetic makeup that makes a person more prone to the disease requires several.

3. Sex

Another important factor in the incidence is the sex of the person. A male A man is two to three times more likely to suffer from multiple sclerosis than a woman. Therefore, this factor should be taken into account. This doesn't mean that a woman can't suffer from it, but it's less common in adulthood.

4. Age

The age also influences the fact of suffering from this disease. Although there is no single age range, and this is important to say, it is common for it to manifest between the ages of 20 and 50. It's very rare, though possible, for it to occur earlier or later. It can occur in adolescence, but it's rare in childhood and old age.

Since age is a risk factor and this disease falls within a certain range, it's generally best to focus testing on this target group. This will make it easier to identify specific problems and rule them out.

5. Ethnicity

He ethnic origin It also influences whether or not this disease develops. We can point out that the most exposed group is that of whites of Northern European origin, whether or not they live in that area. However, in recent years it has become clear that American Hispanics can have a significant element.

Let's remember that, although ethnicity and location are related, this issue has become much more nuanced in recent decades. Therefore, it may even be good to make a ancestry test to confirm and rule out probabilities.

6. Infections

Count on previous infections is another element that increases the probability of having the disease. Among these, we emphasize the disease of Epstein-Barr syndrome . In any case, there is a broad field of research, and other types of relationships with infections are being suggested. Therefore, we cannot consider these correlations definitive.

7. Pre-existing autoimmune diseases

The existence of pre-existing autoimmune diseases It also plays a role in multiple sclerosis. What examples can we give? We have cases such as type 1 diabetes, certain anemias, thyroid disease, psoriasis, and intestinal diseases. As with many other diseases, the preexistence of other conditions can influence the onset of others.

8. Premature obesity

Environmental factors play a role, but so do lifestyle habits. For example, premature obesity During childhood or adolescence (in women), eating more food increases your chances of developing this disease. Therefore, it's essential to closely monitor your child for any eating disorders.

Of course, it's important to determine whether this premature obesity is due to an organic imbalance or not. Remember that thyroid problems can play a significant role in this circumstance. So it's a good idea to check beforehand.

9. Lack of vitamin D

The lack Vitamin D is also a factor that influences whether or not you have multiple sclerosis. This makes sense when we're talking about people of Nordic origin, but, in general, if you have low vitamin D levels due to lack of exposure to sunlight, your chances of developing this disease will increase. There are places where sun exposure is more difficult, but in this case, you can take supplements.

10. Smoking

He smoking It's another unhealthy habit that influences the onset and development of numerous diseases. Multiple sclerosis is no exception. In this case, a smoker—who continues smoking even after being diagnosed with the disease—increases their chances of experiencing more symptoms. For this reason, and many others, avoiding smoking from the outset is highly recommended.

In summary…

Multiple sclerosis is a complex and multifactorial disease that you should be aware of. Are you interested in checking your genetic predisposition and clearing up any doubts? Genotics You'll find different options to help you find the genetic test you need. Don't hesitate to visit our comparison tool and check it out!