The different types of genetic tests that exist
What are the main genetic tests that exist and their applications?
The discovery of the human genome in 2000 opened the door to a multitude of possibilities in healthcare, wellness, forensics, and even leisure. Year after year, details have been refined, techniques have been refined, and numerous types of genetic tests now exist. Take note, this is interesting:
1. Genetic tests: genetic predisposition test
The genetic predisposition test is one of the most widely used tools in the health field. It basically serves to determine whether a person has a genetic predisposition to certain diseases , whether cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes, or certain tumors.
It's worth noting that, in some cases, this technology has significant room for improvement, and for some diseases, there's no scientific evidence. Furthermore, we should note that some tests are in the experimental phase, and their effectiveness will require several years to be validated.
2. Pharmacogenetic test
Pharmacogenetic testing is designed to assess the body's potential reactions to taking certain medications . This is a predictive test , but it's especially important when the potential response to the medication is very strong. It's also used in patients taking multiple medications to limit interactions.
When the risk is very high or there is suspicion of a violent reaction, this test should be performed. Not surprisingly, dozens of people die every day in Spain from reactions to certain medications. With these tests, the proportion can be reduced.
3. Diagnostic test
Diagnostic tests are used to determine an incontrovertible fact or circumstance. Although there is always a margin of error (currently close to zero), we can identify the following subtypes:
The disease diagnostic test . This involves performing a genetic analysis and determining whether there are genetic mutations that can cause disease. This is very common in young children, but it can also be performed on adults. In recent years, the number of tests of this type has multiplied because the origins of many previously unknown diseases have been determined.
Paternity testing is common in the judicial sphere, but also if a person wants to be certain. In this case, it is determined whether, by genetic coincidence, a person is the paternity of their child. It should be noted that this is used interchangeably, for official use (by court order) or for private use (voluntary).
Genetic profiling tests are used in forensics. Their purpose is to solve crimes and determine whether DNA traces found at a crime scene match those of a specific individual. Many crimes have been solved thanks to these tests.
4. Ancestry test
Ancestry testing has been used to better understand a person's genealogy . And, in this sense, we must say that it is very useful, for example, to determine one's region of origin or ethnic origin, as well as a combination of these. This is useful at the individual level, but also when analyzing the origins of a group.
The uses can be either recreational (for personal interest) or historical , since current research uses these techniques to extract more information about the origins of certain figures. The idea, therefore, is that they will continue to be used, and will become increasingly so, in the coming years.
5. Well-being test
The wellness test is another option available in genetic testing . Although it's not as serious as other variants, it can be used to check ideal eating habits , determine if you have any drug addiction , or if you have a genetic predisposition for certain physical exertion. This is especially important if you intend to engage in these efforts continuously over a long period of time.
Although these tests are more common in elite sports , they are not excluded from other fields. Nutrigenetics , for example, has made great progress thanks to this type of testing. Therefore, it's a good idea to be aware of their existence.
6. Genetic compatibility test
Genetic compatibility testing can be considered a preventive test often taken by couples who want to have a child. What's the goal? To check whether the parents have certain genetic mutations that could lead to hereditary diseases in their offspring. If there is a known family history , or the couple has some degree of consanguinity , it is recommended.
We must point out that there are numerous variants, depending on the genes analyzed and possible mutations. Although there is a greater level of knowledge, the reality is that, with this information, it is safer to begin any fertility treatment or consider adoption if there is a genetic incompatibility.
How can I take a genetic test?
If you're interested in taking any of the genetic tests we've listed, the procedure is to go to a laboratory that handles the tests . Keep in mind that they operate in a competitive market, so the best thing to do, once you know what type of test you need, is to compare the different options, both in terms of prestige and quality.
Most laboratories offer the option of collecting the sample, sending it, and receiving the results confidentially at your home . This is especially useful because it also saves you time and ensures your privacy.
Finally, you need to consider where you live. We say this because not all cities offer the same variety or competition. In any case, if you have a secure pickup and shipping infrastructure, you shouldn't have any problems within Spain.
In conclusion…
There are several types of genetic tests , and beyond the technology, the purpose is crucial to knowing which one you need. At Genotica , we make it easy for you because we compare the different options and do so at the best price. Contact us and check out our search engine!