What is a genetic map and what is it used for?

Definition of genetic map

The Genetic maps , also called ligament maps, are studies that allow to understand the genetic makeup of a particular chromosome . To do this, a sample and those of its descendants are taken as a reference, because this allows us to determine which genetic traits have been passed on. Currently, it is possible to create a genetic map of a person, plant, or animal, knowing which genes they have on all pairs of chromosomes.

Usefulness of genetic maps

The genetic maps , today, have Multiple practical uses , both in the medical field and for identifying people, as well as for plant species and plants. And they're not only used for health reasons, but also in the legal field and even for economic purposes. Here we explain in detail the main uses:

1. Easier identification of genetic disorders

First of all, thanks to genetic maps it is easier to identify genetic diseases . The reason is that, by having  gene information on a chromosome , we can see if there is any alteration or  mutation Genetics. This information is very useful, whether used to rule out causal relationships or establish them. In some cases, an extraordinarily high degree of accuracy can even be achieved.

2. Genetic maps allow associations to be made

A genetic map also allows you to locate certain genes that may be associates to certain multifactorial diseases. Although this information is more statistical, if you complement it with other tests, you can determine whether there is a higher incidence or likelihood of a higher incidence of diseases. When it comes to hereditary diseases, this association can generate greater certainty.

There are genetic diseases, but in others with a multifactorial pattern, genetic disposition can influence the disease. Therefore, it's good to have a comprehensive test to determine if a person has certain genes located on a chromosome.

3. They verify historical genetic changes

He genetic mapping It is a tool that, used in various related people , can be used to check historical genetic changes, which is called  phylogeny . Epigenetics has shown that there are changes due to environmental exposure, but inbreeding or exogamy will also influence this aspect. Today, genetic markers They provide a wealth of information on the subject. Consequently, as a source of historical study, it can be very interesting.

For example, today you can make a ancestry test and, in this way, gain more information about your ancestors. Some laboratories have large databases that allow cross-referencing.

4. They serve to determine parentage

In the last three decades, the studies on genetic inheritance have advanced a lot and genetic maps serve to Determine parentage . It's a simple procedure, and a saliva sample can determine whether or not a person has a specific offspring; in more complex cases, samples from collateral relatives, such as uncles and aunts, could also be used.

This possibility is very important in the legal field. In fact, many courts order DNA tests to resolve paternity claims. But it's also useful for voluntary testing if you have doubts. The accuracy rate reaches 100% if the samples are from parent to child, so they're ideal for clarifying this.

5. Identification of persons in investigations

Although in a more tangential way, genetic maps can also contribute to the Identification of individuals in investigations . For example, ethnic origin can be determined, thus narrowing the search for suspects. In recent years, some states have included the genetic map or fingerprint of individuals with criminal records, specifically to facilitate detection.

6. Specific genetic location

The search for a specific gene on a particular chromosome This is another benefit of genetic mapping. Not surprisingly, one of the goals is to better understand genetic disposition, and thanks to the map, it can be more easily localized. Therefore, it's a tool used in medical applications.

7. Improvements in agriculture and livestock

Finally, the location of genes or patterns of genetic inheritance is not limited to humans: it is also used for the agriculture and livestock .

He Mendelian inheritance pattern It allows for better selection of varieties, depending on what is desired. And, to achieve this, understanding the genetics of a plant or a specific animal species is essential. From there, all kinds of improvements can be applied to enhance productivity.

In short, genetic maps are also used as an element that generates economic value. It's no wonder that genetically modified agriculture has gained so much ground.

How to make a genetic map?

Genetic mapping is a test that can be performed individually. However, you should keep in mind a few preliminary considerations:

• It is necessary to have a preview of the donor, which may be tissue or blood . And, of course, this sample must be in good condition, properly collected and tested.
• The sample has to be sent to a specialized laboratory in genetic testing that the test can perform. To do this, DNA is isolated, as this will reveal unusual patterns. Therefore, advanced diagnostic techniques are used today to facilitate diagnosis.
• Since the sample has to be compared with another person, as happens in cases of filiation, the two samples . Or, if you want to investigate a case, compare two different samples to obtain the information you're looking for. Some laboratories or institutions have large databases.

There are several laboratories that can perform genetic mapping studies, ranging in complexity. Therefore, the cost of these tests will also vary depending on the case.

In summary…

The use of genetic mapping has multiple uses, and you can request this type of test if you wish. Genotics You'll find a list of all the options on the market, classified by laboratory and cost. Contact us . and compare to find what you're looking for!